这篇文章主要介绍了Python实用日期时间处理方法汇总,本文讲解了获取当前datetime、获取当天date、获取明天/前N天、获取当天开始和结束时间(00:00:00 23:59:59)、获取两个datetime的时间差、获取本周/本月/上月最后一天等实用方法 ,需要的朋友可以参考下
原则, 以datetime为中心, 起点或中转, 转化为目标对象, 涵盖了大多数业务场景中需要的日期转换处理
步骤:
1. 掌握几种对象及其关系
2. 了解每类对象的基本操作方法 3. 通过转化关系转化 涉及对象1. datetime
代码如下:
>>> import datetime >>> now = datetime.datetime.now() >>> now datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 9, 12, 946118) >>> type(now) <type 'datetime.datetime'>
2. timestamp
代码如下:
>>> import time >>> time.time() 1421075455.568243
3. time tuple
代码如下:
>>> import time >>> time.localtime() time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=23, tm_min=10, tm_sec=30, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=12, tm_isdst=0)
4. string
代码如下:
>>> import datetime >>> datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") '2015-01-12 23:13:08'
5. date
代码如下:
>>> import datetime >>> datetime.datetime.now().date() datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)
datetime基本操作
1. 获取当前datetime
代码如下:
>>> import datetime >>> datetime.datetime.now() datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 26, 24, 475680)
2. 获取当天date
代码如下:
>>> datetime.date.today() datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)
3. 获取明天/前N天
明天
代码如下:
>>> datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=1) datetime.date(2015, 1, 13)
三天前
代码如下:
>>> datetime.datetime.now() datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 38, 55, 492226) >>> datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=3) datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 9, 23, 38, 57, 59363)
4. 获取当天开始和结束时间(00:00:00 23:59:59)
代码如下:
>>> datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(), datetime.time.min) datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 0, 0) >>> datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(), datetime.time.max) datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 59, 59, 999999)
5. 获取两个datetime的时间差
代码如下:
>>> (datetime.datetime(2015,1,13,12,0,0) - datetime.datetime.now()).total_seconds() 44747.768075
6. 获取本周/本月/上月最后一天
本周
代码如下:
>>> today = datetime.date.today() >>> today datetime.date(2015, 1, 12) >>> sunday = today + datetime.timedelta(6 - today.weekday()) >>> sunday datetime.date(2015, 1, 18)
本月
复制代码 代码如下:
>>> import calendar >>> today = datetime.date.today() >>> _, last_day_num = calendar.monthrange(today.year, today.month) >>> last_day = datetime.date(today.year, today.month, last_day_num) >>> last_day datetime.date(2015, 1, 31)
获取上个月的最后一天(可能跨年)
代码如下:
>>> import datetime >>> today = datetime.date.today() >>> first = datetime.date(day=1, month=today.month, year=today.year) >>> lastMonth = first - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
关系转换
几个关系之间的转化
Datetime Object / String / timestamp / time tuple
关系转换例子
datetime <=> string
datetime -> string
代码如下:
>>> import datetime >>> datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") '2015-01-12 23:13:08'
string -> datetime
代码如下:
>>> import datetime >>> datetime.datetime.strptime("2014-12-31 18:20:10", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 31, 18, 20, 10)
datetime <=> timetuple
datetime -> timetuple
代码如下:
>>> import datetime >>> datetime.datetime.now().timetuple() time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=23, tm_min=17, tm_sec=59, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=12, tm_isdst=-1)
timetuple -> datetime
代码如下:
timetuple => timestamp => datetime [看后面datetime<=>timestamp]
datetime <=> date
datetime -> date
代码如下:
>>> import datetime >>> datetime.datetime.now().date() datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)
date -> datetime
代码如下:
>>> datetime.date.today() datetime.date(2015, 1, 12) >>> today = datetime.date.today() >>> datetime.datetime.combine(today, datetime.time()) datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 0, 0) >>> datetime.datetime.combine(today, datetime.time.min) datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 0, 0)
datetime <=> timestamp
datetime -> timestamp
代码如下:
>>> now = datetime.datetime.now() >>> timestamp = time.mktime(now.timetuple()) >>> timestamp 1421077403.0
timestamp -> datetime
代码如下:
>>> datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(1421077403.0) datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 43, 23)
附加
-
- #当月1号 datetime.date(datetime.date.today().year,datetime.date.today().month,1)
- #当月1号 datetime.date.today().replace(day=1)
- #上月1号 (datetime.date.today().replace(day=1) - datetime.timedelta(1)).replace(day=1)